Social Perception, and Attribution, and Individual Decision Making Free Essays

Social Perception, and Attribution, and Individual Decision Making Perception is the way toward getting data about and understanding world around us. It includes choosing which data notice, how to classify this data and how to decipher it inside the structure of existing information. Another meaning of observation is â€Å"A process by which people compose and decipher their tangible impressions so as to offer importance to their environment†. We will compose a custom article test on Social Perception, and Attribution, and Individual Decision Making or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now We can sum up the discernment with this sentence â€Å"We don’t consider the to be as they may be, we consider things to be we are†. For what reason is discernment significant in the investigation of Organizational Behavior? Essentially in light of the fact that people’s conduct depends on their impression of what the truth is, not on reality itself. Essentially all administration exercises depend on observation. In assessing execution, administrators utilize their view of an employee’s conduct as a reason for assessment. Variables that impact observation are ordered to three gatherings; 1)Factors in the perceiver: Attitudes, Motives, Interests, Experience, Expectations 2)Factors in the circumstance: Time, Work Setting, Social Setting 3)Factors in the objective: Novelty, Motion, Sounds, Size, Background, Proximity, Similarity Shortcuts utilized in making a decision about others; )Selective Perception: a trademark that make somebody hang out in our brain will build the likelihood that it will be seen 2)Halo Effect: drawing a general impression dependent on a solitary trademark 3)Contrast Effects: our response is affected by others we have as of late experienced 4)Projection: the propensity to ascribe our own qualities to others 5)Stereotyping: making a decision about somebody based on our view of the gathering to which they have a place Attribution in Organizations Attribution basically alludes to how an individual clarifies the reason for another’s or their own conduct. Attribution subsequently is the most significant use of discernment ideas of hierarchical conduct the issue of individual observation. The attributions or derived causes we accommodate conduct have significant ramifications in associations. In clarifying the reasons for representative exhibition, fortunate or unfortunate, we are approached to clarify the conduct that was the reason for the presentation. Attribution Theory proposes that when we watch an individual’s conduct, we endeavor to decide if it was inside or remotely caused: Internally; accepted to be under the individual control of the individual Externally; coming about because of outside causes. Determinants of Attribution Distinctiveness; regardless of whether an individual presentations various practices in various circumstances. Agreement; if each and every individual who faces a comparative circumstance reacts similarly. Consistency; does the individual react a similar route after some time. Singular Decision Making Individuals in associations decide. That is, they settle on decisions from among at least two other options. Dynamic is generally characterized as picking between options. Dynamic is a basic action in the lives of directors. The choices a chief countenances can extend from basic, routine issues for which the supervisor has a built up choice rule(programmed choices) to new and complex choices that require imaginative solutions(non-modified choices). Dynamic Process Chiefs need to settle on choices whether they are straightforward or incredibly mind boggling. Settling on a decent choice is a troublesome exercise. It is the result of consultation, assessment and thought. To use sound judgment, supervisors ought to constantly follow a successive arrangement of steps. 1)recognize the issue and requirement for a choice 2)identify the goal of the choice 3)gather and assess information and analyze the circumstance 4)list and assess options 5)select the best strategy 6)implement the choice 7)gather criticism 8)follow up The most effective method to refer to Social Perception, and Attribution, and Individual Decision Making, Essay models

Healthcare Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Social insurance Management - Essay Example sponse to the effects of the downturn in that it focused on sparing and assembling formation of occupations in all divisions while additionally giving impermanent help to individuals straightforwardly influenced by the downturn. Through the Act, individuals put vigorously in the social insurance part accordingly making employments and thus prompting an improvement in the business. The Act likewise constrained the Federal government to spend legitimately in the medicinal services segment among a few basic others, for example, training and vitality. This is an honor that was set up by the Congress trying to bring issues to light about the requirement for US organizations to concentrate on quality administration. The honor is in this way given to the organizations that have watched and effectively actualized these quality administration terms and frameworks. The honors are given to organizations in a few enterprises, among them being the human services area. The honor framework has especially been persuasive in encouraging improvement in the social insurance industry with eminent regions of progress being found in the administration, client center and human asset the board and advancement. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) made a decision on the execution of this program which is the last Medicare pay-for-execution activities. Through this program, emergency clinics which perform ineffectively in lessening conditions and complexities that patients obtain while experiencing treatment (optional conclusion), will have their inpatient installments subsidized by Medicare decreased. This decision is intended to send an expression of alert to medical clinics on the need to improve their administrations and thusly lead to improved social insurance. It is normal that around 80 million Americans will be resigning inside the following 20 years, which implies that interest for essential consideration and other human services workforce will shoot definitely. This is, subsequently, expected to incite an interest for social insurance related work openings accordingly pulling in greater enlistment in training projects, for example,

Celebrate the Good Times

Celebrate the Good Times My oldest son graduated from high school this past weekend and we hosted a graduation barbecue in the backyard for 40 people. We set up a big blue and white striped tent, rented round tables, brought out the outdoor fireplace and placed it way back on the lawn with chairs organized around it in a circle. We bought balloons, we bought beer and hard lemonade, we made cold salads, ordered cake and hung decorations. And at the end of a full day on Saturday while surveying the yard in anticipation, I said to my partner, Janyce, “Come on, we’re driving in to Cambridge tonight to MIT.” “We are?! Why is that?” “Because MIT is having a party and I’m ready to celebrate right now.” And what a party it was! On my first week on the job, I attended the opening party for the big 150th celebration, which would take place for the next six months and culminate in a final celebration for all of MIT (and all of Cambridge practically) on Killian Court. It was colder than it should have been in June, but that didn’t stop all the fun. In true MIT grandeur and style, the nearly empty lawn at 8pm studded with glowing cocktail tables and large light sticks began to magically fill with people. The band began to play, and the black tie waitstaff began to fill the bars and the tables full of treats, while rows and rows of people clamored about trying to take pictures of the half-ton cake replica of MIT’s campus. With my glow stick on my head and a cupcake in my hand (I was lucky to know where to stand to grab an early part of the river of cupcakes that surrounded the mammoth cake) I marveled at the Prudential Building across the river all lit up with the words MIT 150. I marveled at the large screen toast to MIT by alumni in space, and then I marveled at an awesome fireworks display over the river (ok, I really only caught some of it as I was running to my car) Because after a night of celebrating the great new job I have and the seriously “unlike any other” place that is MIT, we still had to get back home to the much smaller party that was waiting for us the next morning to do some more celebrating. Life is sweet, huh?

Too Much Poverty Of The World - 1822 Words

Too Much Poverty in the World April Goode Memphis University April Goode Maulin Herring Introduction to Sociology Date: 9/22/2014 Poverty Introduction In the world over, there is one thing that one cannot miss to know; poverty. It is something that has troubled the countries in the world for many years and that has been something whose solution has not been up to the present time. Poverty has become part of the discussion of leadership on how to eliminate it since it appears everywhere. That means that it is something that basically all people in the world know and given its nature, none of them wishes to be part of it (Blake, 2002). However, the story is different because of the seven billion people on earth, currently the greatest percentages of people are wallowing in extreme poverty. The issues here are so grave and it may be here to stay owing to the fact that it has been in the center stage for thousands of years. Several efforts have been made to eliminate them but as time moves on, more difficulties have come up which have made the progress even more cumbersome. Many powerful governments have also put in their strategies to save many people from the verge of poverty and a lot has really been done. Though so many people have been able to be saved, there is a lot more others whom poverty will be their lifetime experience. Something that interests very much is that the problem is grave even among powerful and most advanced countries economically, the UnitedShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of â€Å"The Singer Solution To World Poverty† Essay693 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿A Critique For â€Å"The Singer Solution To World Poverty† In the essay â€Å"The Singer Solution to World Poverty,† philosopher Peter Singer addresses the issue of poverty by suggesting Americans give away most of their income to aid those in need. Singer believes that withholding income is the equivalence of letting a child starve to death. Therefore, Singer suggests the ethical thing to do to end world hunger is to give up everyday luxuries. Although donating a vast amount of money could help dyingRead MorePoverty And Its Effects On African Nation1353 Words   |  6 Pages Poverty in Africa has strike the people living there extremely horrible. Africa is the second largest continent in the world. It holds about 1.1 million people, which is 15% of the world’s population. Poverty is about have not enough money to meet basic needs of living which includes food, clothing, and shelter. Being that Africa has a lack of the materials for a humans needs to have a role in society. Although over about 500 billion dollars is sent directly aid the African nation the money is beingRead MoreThe Gap Between The Rich And The Poor900 Words   |  4 PagesThe problem of poverty has always plagued the world, including developed countries, such as America. It is one of the main reasons that less developed countries have difficulty developing at the pace of other countries. Many different actions can cause poverty. Most people have different opinions on why poverty still exists. â€Å"Nearly equal portions of the public in advanced, emerging, and developing countries, cite the gap between the rich and the poor as a very big problem. And notably, it is theRead MorePoverty: The Silent Killer Essay1008 Words   |  5 PagesPoverty, also know as the â€Å"silent killer† (Causes of Poverty), exists in every corner of the world. The death rate of poor children is a staggering number; about 9 million die each year. Some view poverty as people not being able to afford an occupational meal or having to skip a meal to save money. This isn’t true poverty; poverty is where people live on $1.25 or less a day. Acc ording to Causes of Poverty, 1.4 billion people live like this. Even more shocking than the last statistic is thatRead MoreSolutions to Poverty Essay1328 Words   |  6 PagesPoverty is a major problem in the United States today. Social, economical, political, and cultural factors all contribute to poverty. Education and economic development are two major issues that will help prevent poverty. The United States Census Bureau defines poverty as an economic condition in which people lack sufficient income to obtain basic needs for food, housing, clothing, health services and education. In other words, poverty is powerlessness, a lack of representation and freedom. PovertyRead MoreThe Causes of World Hunger1658 Words   |  7 Pagescauses of world hunger are at once intimidatingly complex and stunningly simple, depending on the underlying ideological assumptions which inform ones approach to the problem. For the uninformed, the cause of world hunger might seem to be quite obvious, because the concept of hunger is ostensibly simple; being hungry means a lack of food, so world hunger must be caused either by a lack of food on a global scale or overpopulation. Put another way, the easy answer to the question of world hunger isRead MoreThe Problem Of World Hunger1258 Words   |  6 Pagespervasive threat of death have been streaming on various media. World Hunger is one of the main problems that a large portion of the global population faces today. Hunger varies with severity but in this case it is the want of food in a third world country. World hunger is a problem that has existed for much of our known history; it has faded away from central concerns because it is barely brought up in everyday conversations. World hunger has many aggravating factors and principal causes, such asRead MoreThe Philosophy of Bryant Myer1382 Words   |  5 Pagesof the poor and non-poor. He has broadened my knowledge of poverty, leading me to the thought that all of humanity is po or. In my perspective, poor is defined within the parameters of material needs but Myer expands it to the idea that those who may not be poor financially can be poor emotionally, mentally, spiritually and physically. Throughout the reading, there are many various models that are suitable for more understanding of poverty. It was an interesting read and very inspiring in terms ofRead MoreThe Causes Of Poverty839 Words   |  4 PagesPoverty is a growing issue that affects most people in the world. Some blame the poor for their situation and believe there is a way for them to get out of it. However, some are born into poor families or areas and cannot control or change their predicament. The main causes of poverty are a lack of education, natural disasters that impact country, and overpopulation. Many living in society struggle with the issue of poverty. According to The Journal of Psychology, the poverty rate in the UnitedRead MoreCapitalism Is Poor Writing And Too One Sided Essa y1288 Words   |  6 Pagesclearer, more concise argument. Firstly, the main quandary, I feel, that presents itself in Caccavello s work is that it is simply too abstract of a narrative to use as a description for the history of the global free-market. To just construct an entire entry without once including why said scholars might be such critiques of capitalism is poor writing and too one-sided. Not once in this article does Caccavello mention that any reason other than these people s disdain for economic inequality

What You Dont Know About Essay Samples on the American Dream Could Be Costing to More Than You Think

What You Don't Know About Essay Samples on the American Dream Could Be Costing to More Than You Think If You Read Nothing Else Today, Read This Report on Essay Samples on the American Dream First experience is going to be my final experience. The mall will also end up being a challenge for people who don't wish to cover parking, since it will charge $24 to park for eight hours, reports CBS New York. By looking at America today, the most effective nation in the planet, the dream has literally come to be a reality. This dream has drawn many individuals to the usa, a society that's been historically based on capitalism. Urban sprawl has turned out to be an insufficient use of land that has damaging impacts on an increasing list of issues. The suburban lifestyle has gotten so incorporated into the perfect American method of life that urban sprawl is now widespread. You've got to set a lot of seeds in the floor and be 100 percent committed to reaching your target. What defines success is surely not only the crowd. The American dream was stolen. Though it is possible to accomplish the American dream for few. You need to make sure you aren't forcing yourself to live the dream of someone else because everyone's American dream is distinctive and different. To produce your own American Dream, you must look inwards and define those things in life which are most important to you. It's impossible to say why folks change their minds, because everybody has a different and they need to trust in what they would like to. All these things we start to twist the gospel into something that it's not. The times still require an outstanding rock band (with synths) that could tap into the anxieties of contemporary life while at the same time dancing the night away. It's very clear that the dream hasn't been actualized since the projected objectives have never been achieved. A significant part of the American Dream is education. If you believe that this is quite a huge endeavor. Imitate them in your life, and you'll be equipped to thrive and succeed. The Do's and Don'ts of Essay Samples on the American Dream There's, clearly, a limit on the range of pages even our very best writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but usually, we figure out how to satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. It is obvious to find the very long journey John had been through to be able to achieve what he did. Parks had every reason to feel he was a main beneficiary. If you don't have sufficient time and you're worried that the submission date is close. Especially if you're not vegan, and don't have any idea you simply purchased a vegan meal. Nor everybody in the world will possess the very same opinion on one certain thing. The truffle oil had a great deal of flavor to the point at which it was too much. It turned out to be a nice place simply to hang. The Ultimate Approach for Essay Samples on the American Dream In general, the American Dream exists for straight, White men, as that's top tier privilege, but it doesn't exist for those people who are poor, individuals who are women, individuals who are Black, those that are people of color. Entrepreneurs, on the flip side, cannot start up their ideas. Media tells us not to consider the monster and instead to stay centered on the dream. Men and women come from all around the place really. American dream has an important part in defining the authentic meaning of freedom, equality and liberty. American dream essay can be regarded as a paper of private reflection to supply sufficient arguments about the term itself. Class mobility and the possibility for everybody, irrespective of social class, to be successful in American culture are at the center of the American Dream mythology. The truth is society utilizes the hope of immediate wealth to earn people work harder. The New Angle On Essay Samples on the American Dream Just Released A race to find out who can purchase the fastest car, biggest house, or the latest designer clothes. You may also secure a variety of discounts on our site which will help you to save some more money for future orders or anything you want to spend them on. I felt that I was able to do better. The government s hould protect the folks from domestic and worldwide threats. The web capital worth of the whole black community in the usa is zero. It appears as if everyone that seems to be helping them is in reality attempting to screw them from funds or money that they don't even have yet. The debt-free men and women are the rich who have many small business operations throughout the nation.

Paper on Stock Shareholders Free Essays

In an October 1998 issue of â€Å"Fortune Magazine† in the finance section, an article entitled â€Å"Cash Out on Your Own Terms† speaks about a relatively old concept refined for a new market. In the centuries past, wealthy landowners would allow working farmers to live and work on their land and tend the crops and cattle for a portion of the goods and maybe a portion of the profit. The farmer was happy because he didn’t have enough money to buy his own land yet he could still do what he loved and support his family. We will write a custom essay sample on Paper on Stock Shareholders or any similar topic only for you Order Now The wealthy landowner was happy because he had his land working for him and was getting fairly cheap labor and a good return on his goods. Today the same concept applies to owners of family businesses. When a CEO of a company either needs liquidity or has no relative or partner to pass the ownership to is the main time that owners think about where their business might be going. Many owners of a family business don†t do estate planning or strategy until it†s too late. Even when the owner tries to plan for the inevitable, he has minority shareholders or kids who don†t want to run the business. Every option for the owner has a downside. Selling usually means the owner must give up control. Going public often creates an orphan stock. Employee-stock-ownership plans can burden the CEO with â€Å"onerous regulatory-compliance issues,† and leveraged recaps can load the firm with debt. Company owners come to firms such as Heritage Partners because they want to cash out but at the same time keep management control of their company and the Heritage system allows them to do that and help them grow the business too. Investing in family businesses and then letting owners keep control of their companies after the sale is a novel concept but it†s risky. Heritage Partners plan gives cash to owners which usually amounts to about 85% of what their companies are worth, providing new money for growth while leaving them 51% of their firm†s stock. Since introducing the plan in 1988, Heritage Partners has invested $250 million in 37 companies whose combined revenues exceed $2 billion. While many are companies with market caps of $50 million, sixteen are small businesses with fewer than 100 employees. Their goal is to stay very involved in a company for about five years, helping it reach its maximum growth potential, then sell it, possibly back to the original owners, or take it public. In order to make their company attractive to buyers, owners should begin to develop and put in place a real management team. The CEO should be a dynamic, visionary leader. The chief financial officer should be able to offer â€Å"instant reporting of data and be a strategic thinker,† and should have a well-known CPA firm begin auditing their financial statements if they haven†t already. Small-businesses should beware of the investor who comes in at a huge price, because it†s likely he will retrade the deal. â€Å"Does he intend to make money by building the value of the company through growth or financial engineering? â€Å"Tremendously resist pressure from investment bankers to provide unattainable projections. When you tell people you†re going to hit certain numbers, you†d better hit them. Nobody wins if you come in too aggressively. † This is a prime example of conservatism in the real world. Investors are looking for unique companies in every area â€Å"from the educational toy market to a company that manufactures products for industrial cleaning just as long as the family really believes in their company, and they feel passionately about it. † This system, in my opinion, is an outstanding philosophy of the business world in America. When a company like Heritage Partners can come in and save a potential death of a company from any certain situation, it becomes a win-win position. Unlike the old days with the wealthy landowner and the poor farmer, today the relationship between companies like Heritage and small-business owners can be a beneficial and fair one. Many sole business owners are of the entrepreneurial background and may have even built their company from the ground up. These people have to be hard working people with the strength to go into the world and create something like a business and nurse it into success. When times go sour, weather it be financially or even emotionally, sometimes these owners can pull their company out of the dungeon and other times there is just nothing they can do. When times like these arise these hard working people would never want to see all their work leave their grasps, and that is when companies like Heritage Partners can be a saving grace to the companies life and even the owners life. When a company has been in a family for years it is the identity of that family and it portrays a sense of pride and when situations jump out where that identity and control could be jeopardized, the help of Heritage is an outstanding one. Just as this option is beneficial for the company owner it is, without a doubt, a marvelous opportunity for the larger business such as Heritage to buy out and be involved as long as they are fair and reasonable. I had heard of this market idea before in companies like Venture Capital but it wasn’t until I read this â€Å"Fortune† article that I grasped the whole concept. From what I had perceived before this market niche isn’t looked highly upon by many people. Some small-businesses may think that these companies perform forceful buyouts and therefore big business destroys small-business. My reason for selecting this topic is because I now realize after researching this subject that it is because of market inventions like this one that our country is the land of opportunity. How to cite Paper on Stock Shareholders, Essay examples

The art of summarizing

The art of summarizingAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on The art of summarizing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Summarization involves careful presentation of other people’s views, ideas, opinions or findings in your own words orally or in written form. In order not to lose the meaning or distort the original meaning of information during summarization, its critical to keep in mind what others say and then say it in your own words. In the prowess of summarizes and summarization the phrase, â€Å"They say, I say† becomes a central focus simply because others will say first then present what â€Å"they† said in summary or paraphrase form. In a public conference, it is crucial to represent others opinion first before giving your own opinion on a particular topic to attract the attention of your listeners, as well as avoiding keeping the audience in suspense. Although many presenters or writers ma y fail to focus on the original meaning of the content summarized, it is of paramount importance to give justice and acknowledge the original sources. In making excellent summaries, one ought to posses several skills and abilities, which help to bring out the indented meaning from a content of words, received orally or by writing. According to Elbow, any one making a cogent summary ought’s to position himself or herself in the place of the original author or the main speaker and play a believing game even though he or she does not agree with the views of the original author or speaker (22). As a result, this ability ensures that the audience or readers of the summary do not easily determine whether the person doing the summary and the original author agree or not. It is a powerful tool to reduce biasness in summarization as one holds his or her convictions, believes and opinions and sticks to what the author says. Striking this balance in summarization upholds credibility of the summary produced gives honor to the original author of the piece of art being summarized, as one would quote points and statements he or she might not be interested. For instance Zinczenko views that the fast foods industries are a health hazard for they make people fat.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In his own opinion, he incriminates these industries, but in his summary, he does not present his own opinion. Instead, Zinczenko does not suggest that the fast foods industries had any evil intention (153-155). In this case, Zinczenko plays believing game well and thus the credibility of his summary. On the other hand, it is vital to know where you are going in summarization. In a presentation, the illustration of the original work and repeated quotation of what â€Å"they said† keeps the audience out of confusion throughout the presentation. Although if one sticks on what o thers say, he or she may end up on list summary in which quotations like, â€Å"the author says†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"In addition, he says†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Also he shows†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Nevertheless, the skill of having a focus and knowing where you are going saves the trouble of list summary. Good summary, therefore, would portray clearly the views of the original author in the contest summarized. To attain this, the Elbows perception of playing the believing game well helps to achieve the indented goal and giving the source justice. Misrepresentation of the source or ignorance to play Elbows game of believing well leads to biased summary, which lacks credibility and denies justice to the source. Works Cited Elbow, Peter. Dialogue on writting. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2001. Zinczenko, David. â€Å"Eat this Not that! For kids!† Be the leanest, fittest family on the  Block. 3.2(2003): 153-155. Print. This essay on The art of summarizing was written and submitted by user Caitlyn Byrd to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to Dress for Work When Your Job Has No Dress Code

How to Dress for Work When Your Job Has No Dress Code While some jobs have uniforms or very strict attire requirements, most jobs these days rely on unspoken adherence to a professional-but-casual look. Not sure you know it when you saw it (or wore it)? Here are four strategies to breaking the business casual code.Ask!Do this at the final interview- once you’ve begun the hiring process and aren’t as nervous to ask questions. Asking a lot better than not asking and coming to work on your first day looking like a fish out of water. Inquire in a casual manner and you should be golden. If you’ve met the team, you already have a few good clues there. If you haven’t, try and do so before your first day- if for no other reason than to scout out what they’re wearing.Look to your bossIf your boss comes in every day in jeans and T-shirts, you’ll probably look like a chump if you come in wearing a suit. Conversely, if your boss turns out to the nines, you probably don’t want to venture lower than a collared shirt at the very least. Don’t out-dress your boss, but do keep in the realm of her typical attire.  Go for comfortThis doesn’t mean fat pants and a hoodie. It just means that you can’t possibly do your best work if you feel like an alien in your clothes. Try to find a balance between dressing to impress and not playing dress-up. There’s so much variety these days in dress codes that this shouldn’t be an issue in most fields.Take the temperatureThe culture of the office will tell you a lot. Try and read the environment you’re in; based on the qualities the company emphasizes, it shouldn’t be hard to determine what sort of dress they will expect. You could end up making everybody else uncomfortable if you veer too casual or too formal from the workplace vibe.What Do You Wear to Work When Your Job Has No Dress Code?

Congratulations to the MCA award winners - Emphasis

Congratulations to the MCA award winners Congratulations to the MCA award winners Congratulations to all the winners at the MCA Awards Dinner 2012, which was recently held at the Hilton Hotel in Park Lane, London. The Platinum Award winner was PA Consulting, for its work with the Ministry of Defence to improve protection against explosive devices, which is now saving lives in Afghanistan. Emphasis sponsored the Customer Engagement award, which went to Transform (pictured here with Emphasis CEO Rob Ashton), for its work with Argos. Transform gave the high-street retailer a new strategy that brought it closer to its customers through texts and its own TV channel. We were delighted to entertain guests from Boxwood, Ernst Young, Grant Thornton, Marks Spencer and Nabarro at our table, and look forward to seeing you all again soon. For the full list of winners, click here.

EMERGING MARKETS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

EMERGING MARKETS - Essay Example Banks were mostly publicly owned, although capital markets were allowed. Currently, India`s financial system is the most established in the emerging market economies. The financial systems of both countries are dominated by banks. For instance, China`s industrious savers have no choice to formal banking system. On the contrary, a significant number of Indians distrust banks but they have a preference to amass gold and real estate properties as an alternative. In addition, both governments need banks to serve social objectives, but the Indian government is more translucent concerning the shared results being worth the expense. Banks whether private or public must meet objectives for countryside access to banking services and loaning to significance sections and must distribute a needed share of their savings to public sector unions. The Chinese government`s political main concerns are to guarantee steady well-ordered liberalization of openly possessed manufacturers and economic growth adequate to captivate millions of labor force competitors, immigrants, as well as laid off employees every year. Bank loaning is still registered to finance much of this development even as banks are restructured to meet new oversea competition. Bank reforms started in earnest in 1995 when institutions and regulations were transformed to change them into commercial banks (Bosworth and Collins 2007). Practical norms for loaning were introduced, banking, secur ities as well as indemnity supervisors were developed and regulatory principles constricted. Three policy banks were established to carry on policy loaning roles and made regional heads purportedly with sufficient seniority to force bank loaning on credit worthiness criteria. The local banking system of China currently comprises of a considerable number of institutions almost all of which are under the ownership of various

Selling Our Future - Sense of Place Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Selling Our Future - Sense of Place - Essay Example This is mostly so especially in the developing countries like Kenya where land is scarce and the population is constantly growing (Brown, 2009). Economically the figures show that the economy of such a country is growing through the measure of GDP. However, if the trend in population growth being experienced continues then this would be like we are poaching from the future. This is because as it is currently, the resources are already at a strain as illustrated by Brown (2009) and in future then this GDP growth will start to decline. This greatly relate with me as an accounting student in that it helps understand how ecological factors affect the growth of economy. The Kenyan experience is an interesting one because surprisingly, in the past Kenyans have enjoyed good rich soils and rainfall patterns. This has however changed due high population that in turn has cleared a huge part of land that was previously forest cover for settlements. This has led to changes in rainfall pattern and drought occurrences are very common and thus hurting the country even more economically. This thus greatly relates to what Brown (2009) says that trees are very valuable in terms of rainfall and the environment in general. Land is viewed as a property that is mainly for economic gain and ethically there are no rules that guide the owners of the land on how to use it (Leopold, 1948). The conservation ethics should be steered to each and every person if the trend is to change for the better. The animals are also part of this population because as the human population increase, so is the animal population and this occupancy has led to less and less space available. This has caused the continuous the depletion of the lands and in the long run the economy. Like Brown (2009) expresses that the world’s economy behaves like a ponzi economy in that at a glance the economy may improve. This may be due to certain activities like excessive fishing where the lives of the

Causes of Speciation in Fish Population

Causes of Speciation in Fish Population Speciation of Lake Malawis Cichlid Fish Populations   Introduction Ancient lakes have been an intensely studied area in evolutionary biology (Brooks 1950; Martens 1997). This is because ancient lakes contain a continuous record of biotic change over long periods of geologic time in their basin sediments, and because ancient lakes generally have high levels of endemism in their biological communities. Lake Malawi is located in the East African Rift Valley and its basin dates to 8.6 million years ago (MYA) with modern deep water conditions attained at ~ 4.5 MYA (Delvaux 1995). Of the three major lakes that comprise the East African Great Lakes, Lake Malawi boasts the highest diversity of endemic cichlid fish, 49 endemic genera containing over 1000 species (Turner 1994; Moran et al. 1994; Danley and Kocher 2001). These cichlid fish stocks do not date to the period of lake formation, and instead date to an invasion of cichlids from Lake Tangyanika to Lake Malawi that was thought to have occurred between 2 MYA and 700,000 years before present (Genner et al. 2007; Danley and Kocher 2001). The cause of the accumulation of diversity in African rift valley cichlid species has been a source of debate for several decades (Keenleyside 1991). This debate has been centered on whether allopatric or sympatric speciation is the cause of the explosive radiation seen in the African Great Lakes. Early experiments focused on the Mayr (1963) model of complete geographic separation of populations leading to speciation (McKaye and Gray 1984). Other, more recent research has shown speciation with gene flow as a plausible form of sympatric speciation in Lake Malawi (Turner 1994; Shaw et al. 2000). I will show that these two processes are not mutually exclusive, and that a combination of both mechanisms has likely occurred in Lake Malawi over different time periods and different scales. I will consider models developed by Danley and Kocher (2001) and Kocher (2004) to specifically look at changing environments, feeding habits, and mate choice as the main drivers of speciation of cichlid fi sh in Lake Malawi. In addition, I will discuss several genetic factors that arise in the speciation of cichlids as well as future directions of cichlid research in the Great Lakes of Africa. Habitat: Changing environments through time There are two main groups of cichlid fish in Lake Malawi, pelagic and benthic, and of the benthic group two subgroups have formed, those that are rock-dwellers and those that are sand-dwellers. All of these types of cichlids evolved from a generalist that invaded Lake Malawi from Lake Tangyanika (Danley and Kocher 2001). These groups and subgroups of cichlids each specialize in a broad geographic location and/or ecological niche causing speciation based on locality, an allopatric process. Danley and Kocher (2001) consider this process to be most significant immediately following invasion, playing less of a role after initial ecological speciation. However, I challenge this notion as many rock-dwelling and sand-dwelling benthic cichlids habitat would be negatively impacted during the known variation in lake level of the African Great Lakes throughout the last several million years (Scholz and Rosendahl 1988; Johnson et al. 1996). Stumbauer at al. (2001) suggested that major changes in lake levels match genetic divergences in cichlid fish throughout the history of Lake Malawi and Genner et al. (2010) suggest that after lake levels increased, populations of cichlid fish expanded and underwent allopatric speciation because of increased niche environments were created. These studies show that climatic effects impact cichlid speciation by fragmenting populations as lake levels decrease and by increasing niche habitat space as lake levels increase. However, there could be additional environmental factors that have not been as intensely researched. This would include increased turbidity, affecting visual cues for mate choice (Genner et al. 2010). In addition, dramatic aquatic chemistry changes, such as increased salinity that occurs when lake levels decrease, could affect primary production and thus, tropic predation. Decreases in populations of cichlid fish brought about by ecological and environmental changes from lake level fluctuations could create bottlenecks and founder effects. Danley et al. (2000) found that allelic diversity was reduced in rock-dwelling species of cichlids that inhabited shallower areas when compared to higher allelic diversity in cichlids that inhabited deeper older areas of Lake Malawi. This difference was likely created by the desiccation of the lake and suggests that reduced populations of cichlids were associated with low lake stands, but no conclusive evidence of a bottleneck in the population was found (Danley et al. 2000). Predation: The quest for food Following ecological speciation based on geographic location, Danley and Kocher (2001) considered trophic competition to be the next chronological mode of speciation of cichlid fish in Lake Malawi. The authors state that speciation based on predation diversification is the logical progression from ecological speciation. Competition for food further drives diversification of the cichlid fish in each geographic area that they inhabit. This progression happened efficiently in the cichlid fish of East Africa because the jaw apparatus underwent changes that allowed for the pharyngeal jaws to process food, a role once relegated to the oral jaw (Liem 1973). This change allowed for a diversity of jaw movements and freed the oral jaw to solely collect food (Liem 1973). Changes in jaw function permitted the collection of food from of a larger assortment of trophic sources ranging from plankton to scales of fish to whole fish (Kocher 2004). Differentiation of morphology based on trophic competi tion created niches for cichlid fish usually inhabited by different families of fish (Greenwood 1964). Sexual selection: A multitude of color choice The third mode of speciation Danley and Kocher (2001) describe is driven by sexual selection, and this type of speciation accounts for the bulk of morphological variety in colorization that comprises the majority of recent speciation in extant East African cichlid populations. Sexual selection has been implicated as the cause of male secondary sexual characterizations, including male colorization (McKaye et al. 1984), with the rest of the morphological features remaining largely unchanged. Male traits are chosen by females in lek-breeding type situation, where females chose from many males (Barlow 1991). This skewed system of reproduction can create linkage disequilibrium and rapid diversification of morphological types, which can occur in sympatric or allopatric speciation (Turner and Burrows 1995). Not all types of East African cichlids undergo morphological speciation based on colorization, but lineages that differentiate by means of other morphological or ecological factors are r elatively species poor (Danley and Kocher 2001). Timing and magnitude Danley and Kocher (2001) indicate that all three speciation types (habitat, predation, and sexual selection) are present during three distinct pulses of radiation. During all three radiation events, all three modes of speciation are present in differing abundances. The first radiation event is dominated by habitat diversification, the second by trophic competition and the third by sexual selection (Danley and Kocher 2001). Speciation based on sexual selection has occurred at the same level of intensity throughout the multiple radiations of cichlid fish in Lake Malawi. Sexual selection only appears to be increasing in impact in the last radiation event because ecological speciation and differentiation based on predation have decreased in impact (Danley and Kocher 2001). Danley and Kocher (2001) suggest that these three types of speciation promoted rapid diversification through a positive feedback loop, where reduced gene flow further promoted divergent selection. New frontiers In studies that have elucidated genes responsible for traits, it has been shown that those traits have undergone strong selection (Kocher 2004). For this reason, the author suggests that moving forward there needs to be a better understanding of genes that are responsible for various phenotypes, especially those that are selected under directional pressure. Once the fine scale mapping of the genome is complete, Kocher (2004) believes that coalescent history of alleles will be very informative in reconstructing speciation events. Kuraku and Meyer (2008) assert that comparative developmental and genomic approaches are the future of African Great Lakes cichlid research. The authors state that this is because many of the cichlid species are very similar genetically. Thus, they can be hybridized and studied to determine the genetic causes of phenotypic expression. Although research has shown that hybridization is not a driving force in speciation of the rock-dwelling cichlids of Lake Malawi (Albertson et al. 1999), hybridization could be a factor in the speciation of sand-dwelling and pelagic varieties of cichlids. Discussion The Danley and Kocher (2001) model follows a logical progression of speciation events; invasion, followed by niche habitat exploitation, then trophic competition, with the remaining diversification left to sexual selection. The fundamental reasoning of this model has merit for the rapid speciation of cichlids in the Lake Malawi, and it is robust, in that it includes multiple types of speciation (sympatric, allopatric, and parapatric) occurring over differing geographic and time ranges. However, it lacks resolution over time scales that include dramatic fluctuations in environmental conditions (i.e. lake level fluctuations). For instance, sexual selection remains a constant factor throughout speciation in Danley and Kochers model (2001), but lowered lake level would cause increased turbidity, which would limit the ability of females to chose males based on colorization. The model also relegates habitat and trophic competition to being factors in only the first and second bursts of cladogenesis. This does take into account issues of habitat fragmentation and population expansions associated with lake level changes, or the trophic changes that would occur from nutrient and chemical changes brought about by hydrogeologic variability. In conclusion, it has been experimentally shown that there are many ways that speciation has occurred both allopatric and sympatric in the cichlid fish populations of Lake Malawi. The Danley and Kocher (2001) model summarizes these types of speciation well. However, the model could be further developed to include recent discoveries in cichlid response to lake level changes (Genner et al. 2010; Sturmbauer 2001) as well as increasingly better refined phylogenetic studies. Understanding the history of Lake Malawis environmental and geologic past and the relationships of cichlid taxonomy will aid in the reconstruction of the causes, drivers, and limitations of rapid speciation in Lake Malawi. This understanding could be invaluable as human populations increase, putting pressure on natural resources, affecting habitats and reducing biological populations and diversity. Looking at periods of lowered lake level could be a powerful analogue for decreased genetic diversity that could inform future perturbations in endemic cichlid fish population of Lake Malawi.

Bacteriophages Vs Antibiotics

Bacteriophages are actually viruses highly specialized to attack bacterial cells while doing no harm to animal cells. When a phage discovers a bacterium to which it possesses the correct key—that is, suitable receptors on the bacterial cell to which the phage can attach its tentacle-like extensions—then the phage will inject its hereditary DNA into the bacteria cell. Taking over the bacterial cell's biochemical apparatus, the phage produces hundreds of phage copies, rupturing the cell. As the victim cell dies, the released phage copies attack any remaining bacterial cells like a pack of hungry wolves (Reidel).Advantages The advantages of the therapy are obvious. Bacteriophages are very specific parasites and, unlike antibiotics, do not damage the useful bacteria that live in and on the body. Phages are â€Å"intelligent† medicine: They increase just where they are needed, while antibiotics often do not get to where they are needed. Once all phage-susceptible bact eria have been killed, phages are eliminated from the body. The most apparent benefit of phage therapy is that although bacteria are able to develop resistance to phages the resistance is much easier to overcome.The reason behind this is that phages replicate and undergo natural selection and have probably been infecting bacteria since the beginning of life on this planet. Although bacteria evolve at a fast rate, so too will phages. Bacteria are most likely to modify the molecule that the phage targets, which is usually a bacterial receptor. In response to this modification phages will evolve in such a way that counteracts this change, thus allowing them to continue targeting bacteria and causing cell lysis.As a consequence phage therapy is likely to be devoid of the problems similar to antibiotic resistance. Increasing evidence shows the ability of phages to travel to a required site — including the brain, where the blood brain barrier can be crossed — and multiply in the presence of an appropriate bacterial host, to combat problems such as meningitis. However the patient's immune system can, in some cases mount an immune response to the phage (2 out of 44 patients in a Polish trial (Carson)).Development and production is faster than antibiotics, on condition that the required recognition molecules are known. Disadvantages According to Reidel, the phages' high specificity, with which they look for their bacterial victims, is at the same time also their therapeutic Achilles' heel. Therefore, either a cocktail containing many different types of phages must be developed by the infection control specialist, or a phage effective against the specific pathogen of each patient must be custom-made through detailed microbiological analytical work.Western regulatory authorities tend to loathe recognizing such manually manufactured anti-infective agents as medicines, which explains why currently phage therapy is routinely only available at phage therapy cen ters in Georgia (part of former Russia), Europe and Poland. However, the Wound Care Center in Lubbock, Texas, has started to treat patients. For chronic infections due to multi-resistant pathogens, phage therapy could become a kind of miracle medicine. Wikipedia condends that Bacteriophage therapy is generally very safe; however fevers can occur with phage treatment.This is thought to be caused by endotoxins released by the bacteria within the patient after they have been lysed by the phage (Herxheimer Reaction), of course this can happen with antibiotics also. Additionally care has to be performed in manufacture that the phage medium isn't contaminated with bacterial fragments and endotoxins from the production process. It is beneficial if testing on animals is performed to ensure safety. Lysogenic bacteriophages are also thought to be risky, and are now seldom used therapeutically.These viruses can act as a way for bacteria to exchange DNA, and this can help spread antibiotic resi stance or even, theoretically, can make the bacteria pathogenic. To work, the virus has to reach the site of the bacteria, and unlike antibiotics, viruses do not necessarily reach the same places that bacteria can reach. Finally, some non therapeutic (lysogenic) phages transfer genes between bacteria that code for pathogenicity, notable in cholera. This makes it important to identify the phages being used to show that they are not harmful ones. What are ANTIBIOTICS?An antibiotic, according to Wikipedia, is a drug that kills or prevents the growth of bacteria. They have no effect against viruses or fungal infections. Antibiotics are one class of antimicrobials, a larger group which also includes anti-viral, anti-fungal, and anti-parasitic drugs. They are relatively harmless to the host, and therefore can be used to treat infections. The term, coined by Selman Waksman, originally described only those formulations derived from living organisms, in contrast to â€Å"chemotherapeutic ag ents†, which are purely synthetic.Nowadays the term â€Å"antibiotic† is also applied to synthetic antimicrobials, such as the sulfa drugs. Antibiotics are generally small molecules with a molecular weight less than 2000 Da. They are not enzymes. Some antibiotics have been derived from mold, for example the penicillin class. Volume 4 of How Products Are Made says that antibiotics differ chemically so it is understandable that they also differ in the types of infections they cure and the ways in which they cure them. Certain antibiotics destroy bacteria by affecting the structure of their cells. This can occur in one of two ways.First, the antibiotic can weaken the cell walls of the infectious bacteria, which causes them to burst. Second, antibiotics can cause the contents of the bacterial cells to leak out by damaging the cell membranes. One other way in which antibiotics function is to interfere with the bacteria's metabolism. Some antibiotics such as tetracycline and erythromycin interfere with protein synthesis. Antibiotics like rifampicin inhibit nucleic acid biosynthesis. Still other antibiotics, such as sulfonamide or trimethoprim have a general blocking effect on cell metabolism. AdvantagesIt is estimated that the average duration of many infectious diseases and the severity of certain others have decreased significantly since the introduction of antibiotic therapy. The dramatic drop in mortality rates for such dreaded diseases as meningitis, tuberculosis, and septicemia offers striking evidence of the effectiveness of these agents. Bacterial pneumonia, bacterial endocarditis, typhoid fever, and certain sexually transmitted diseases are also amenable to treatment with antibiotics. So are infections that often follow viral or neoplastic diseases, even though the original illness may not respond to antibiotic therapy.Antibiotics in small amounts are widely used as feed supplements to stimulate growth of livestock and poultry. They probably ac t by inhibiting organisms responsible for low-grade infections and by reducing intestinal epithelial inflammation. In cattle, sheep, and swine, antibiotics are effective against economically important diseases. The use of antibiotics in dogs and cats closely resembles their use in human medical practice. In fish farms, antibiotics are usually added to the food or applied to the fish by bathing.The incidence of infections in fish, and animals in general, may be reduced by the use of disease-resistant stock, better hygiene, and better diet. Although effective against many microorganisms causing disease in plants, antibiotics are not widely used to control crop and plant diseases. Some of the limiting factors are instability of the antibiotic under field conditions, the possibility of harmful residues, and expense. Nevertheless, antibiotic control of some crop pathogens is being practiced, as is true of the rice blast in Japan, for example (Science and Tech). DisadvantagesSome individu als may have allergic reactions to antibiotics. If symptoms of an allergic reaction (such as rash, shortness of breath, swelling of the face and neck), severe diarrhea, or abdominal cramping occur, the antibiotic should be stopped and the individual should seek medical advice. Because antibiotics can affect bacteria that are beneficial, as well as those that are harmful, women may become susceptible to infections by fungi when taking antibiotics. Vaginal itching or discharge may be symptoms of such infections. All patients may develop oral fungal infections of the mouth, indicated by white plaques in the mouth.Injected antibiotics may result in irritation, pain, tenderness, or swelling in the vein used for injection. It is a common assertion that some antibiotics can interfere with the efficiency of birth control pills. Although there remain few known cases of complication, the majority of antibiotics do not interfere with contraception, despite widespread misinformation to the cont rary (Gale). And there’s also what is known as Antibiotic Resistance. Wikipedia says that Antibiotic Resistance is the ability of a micro-organism to withstand the effects of an antibiotic. It is a specific type of drug resistance.Antibiotic resistance evolves naturally via natural selection through random mutation, but it could also be engineered for the purpose of creating bio-weapons. SOS response of low-fidelity polymerases can also cause mutation via a process known as programmed evolution. Once such a gene is generated, bacteria can then transfer the genetic information in a horizontal fashion (between individuals) by plasmid exchange. If a bacterium carries several resistance genes, it is called multiresistant or, informally, a superbug. Antibiotic resistance can also be introduced artificially into a micro-organism through transformation protocols.This can be a useful way of implanting artificial genes into the micro-organism. Phages Vs Antibiotics (A Summary) Bacteri ophages are great because: †¢ Bacteria evolve at a fast rate, but so do phages. This makes Bacteriophages devoid of problems similar to antibiotic resistance. †¢ Bacteriophages are very specific parasites and, unlike antibiotics, do not damage the useful bacteria that live in and on the body. Phages are â€Å"intelligent† medicine: They increase just where they are needed, while antibiotics often do not get to where they are needed.†¢ Development and production is faster than antibiotics. †¢ The recovery rate was discovered to be faster in some cases—a tribute to the speed with which the phage multiplied and overcame its host bacteria. †¢ Incidents of misuse are relatively unknown. Antibiotics are great because: †¢ The use of antibiotics on domesticated animals, closely resemble its use in human medicine thus greatly benefiting them. †¢ Phages work best when in direct contact with the infection, so they are best applied directly to an open wound.This is rarely applicable in the current clinical setting where infections occur systemically. †¢ Unlike Phages, which are hardly ever used for therapeutic reasons, antibiotics reduce the incidence of both suppurative and non-suppurative complications of sore throat. A new study from Holland has confirmed that antibiotics protect against quinsy. †¢ Lysogenic bacteriophages are thought to be risky. These viruses can act as a way for bacteria to exchange DNA, and this can help spread antibiotic resistance or even, theoretically, can make the bacteria pathogenic.To work, the virus has to reach the site of the bacteria, and unlike antibiotics, viruses do not necessarily reach the same places that bacteria can reach. †¢ Antibiotics are more readily available because phages have high specifity and require detailed microbiological analytical work. Conclusion The research is still ongoing. Though the odds are in favor of Bacteriophages becoming more common, there have been no large clinical trials to test their efficacy. This therapy today essentially exists only in some Eastern European countries, including Georgia and Poland.But largely because of the growing concern over antibiotic resistance, a lot more people in the medical field are interested in pursuing bacteriophages as an alternative to antibiotics on a large scale. W O R K S C I T E D 1. Reidel, William. â€Å"Book Review: Viruses vs. Superbugs: A Solution to the Antibiotics Crisis? † Epoch Times. (6 May, 2006). 14 April, 2007. http://en. epochtimes. com/news/6-5-6/41280. html 2. Carson, Christine, and Thomas Riley. â€Å"Non-Antibiotic Therapies for Infectious Diseases. † Communicable Diseases Intelligence Supplement on Antimicrobial Resistance 27 (2003): pages not given3. â€Å"Phage therapy. † Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 4 Apr 2007, 00:38 UTC. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 14 Apr 2007 . 4. â€Å"Antibiotic. † How Products Are Made. 2006. 14 April 2007 http://www. madehow. com/Volume-4/Antibiotic. html 5. Science and Technology Encyclopedia. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2007 6. Gale Encyclopedia of Cancer. Michigan: Thomson Gale, 2005 7. â€Å"Antibiotic Resistance. † Wikipedia. Wikipedia, 2007. Answers. com 14 Apr. 2007. http://www. answers. com/topic/antibiotic-resistance

External Changes And Internal Reforms Of The Last 40 Years

This essay will show that the external changes and internal reforms of the last 40 years have led to the retreat of the liberal democratic state. Perhaps, these changes and reforms have resulted in the revival of the state, but overall this has not been the case. This is due to the fragmentation and diminished accountability stemmed from the internal reform, new public management. Although the issue of Europeanisation is raised when discussing the state’s retreatment, I will focus on the topic of globalisation. This is because of the loss of power, sovereignty and nationality the state has suffered. The liberal democratic state has been in retreat due to its fragmentation and diminished accountability caused by the internal reform: new public management (NPM). NPM is an attempt to reform the public sector through the application of management techniques used in the private sector. In reality, NPM is a loose concept, consisting of different economic reforms. (Osborne 2009) While the adoption of NPM has had many advantages, there have been substantial unintended consequences from this implementation. This internal reform has resulted in a fragmentation of the state that has led to blurred and diminished accountability. Rhodes explains that within the UK civil service â€Å"the role of officials is increasingly constrained by new management systems and political controls. The obvious outcomes of these changes are fragmentation and diminished accountability.† (1994: 151) ThisShow MoreRelatedExternal Changes And Internal Reforms1865 Words   |  8 PagesHave the external chan ges and internal reforms of the last 40 years led to the retreat or revival of the liberal democratic state? Introduction Over the past 40 years, through internal reforms and external changes, many liberal democratic states are seen as losing their autonomy over their very own borders. 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A Debate On The Existence Of The Christian God - 904 Words

First I would like to thank Jerry947 for setting up this debate and being willing to discuss such a controversial topic. Per the rules laid out in the opening round I will present the case against the existence of the Christian God. The â€Å"Christian God† Before I begin, I want to re-emphasize that I am addressing what is known as the God of Christianity. Of course, I understand Christianity is fragmented when it comes to doctrine and beliefs. However, notwithstanding the difference in doctrine between Christian denominations, it seems reasonable to say that on balance, Christians believe in what is known as the Tri-Omni God. That is to say, they believe in a God that is Omnipotent, Omniscient, and Omnibenevolent. For the sake of clarity, I will briefly expand on what seems to be intended by these attributes Omnipotent is a reference to power. That is to say, one that is omnipotent is all powerful. 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The second statement seems to more closely align with Christianity and the idea that it includes an integration of faith and reason. Consider, now, the agnostic position, such as Draper holds. What would it take for Draper to believe in God? As he addresses arguments from apologetics and finds them inconclusiveRead MoreThe Debate Between Faith and Science805 Words   |  4 PagesIn today’s world there is an ongoing debate between faith and science. The extraordinary advances of science have sometimes led to the belief that it is capable of answering by itself all of mans questions and resolving all his problems. Some have concluded that by now there is no longer any need for God. It has been said that one must choose between faith and science: either one embraces one or believes in the other. People seem to have faith belief in God as creator of life and some have scientificRead MorePlato s Argument For Evil1402 Words   |  6 Pagesfor Christians: can an omnibenevolent God exist in a world full of evil? Now, the philosopher was not talking about the Abrahamic God, he was focused more on the gods of his c ulture in Greece. So in order to use the words of Epicurus as an argument against the views of God held by modern day Christians, we must make some assumptions. Epicurus’ argument takes a logical and deductive analytical route with the existence of evil. This argument is not capable of being used to debate whether any God existsRead MoreThe Theories Of Scientific Naturalism1516 Words   |  7 Pagescan be investigated and understood on purely naturalistic terms. Everything that exists is subject to natural laws that govern the universe. This view leaves no room for supernatural manipulation. In this closed universe system there is no room for God lest he be explained scientifically. This worldview is embraced by a few different sub groups such as Atheists, Non-Theists, and Agnostics. Scientific Naturalism as a matter of speaking places all of their eggs in one basket, scientific observation